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This book examines the world of the second century Roman Empire, with emerging Christianity's struggle for identity and its increasingly strained relationship with Judaism. The central focus is a study of an Easter homily written about 200 CE. The argument maintains that the commonly attributed author and provenance of this sermon, Melito of Sardis, is incorrect, and thus calls for a re-evaluation of the homily's use in the study of Jewish-Christian relations in the second century. The specific anti-Jewish language of the homily is analyzed for clues as to how such rhetoric functioned within the Christian community and how it impacted Jewish-Christian relations.